4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPIRITUALITY AND PSYCHOLOGY [ICSP2019]
13th - 15th of March 2019, Bangkok, Thailand
Aetas Lumpini Hotel
PRESENTERS
13th - 15th of March 2019, Bangkok, Thailand
Aetas Lumpini Hotel
PRESENTERS
Healing Transgenerational Trauma Through Energy Medicine
Dr. Anthony Rhodes - Webster University [Thailand]
This paper examined the effects of Energy Medicine (EM) interventions within the context of defining and understanding transgenerational trauma. The psychophysiological and neurological outcomes of epigenetics in relationship to intergenerational and transgenerational trauma were discussed. EM was highlighted as a viable complement and/or alternative to traditional healthcare. This paper explained how epigenetics plays a vital role in understanding the biogenic process of transgenerational trauma and the potential for non-invasive healing through extremely low frequencies (ELF) of biofield propagations. EM treatments were used as an example of how practitioners can administer EM protocols that emit biofield energy and target neurologically embedded traumatic memories. EM treatments were explained as affecting cortical brain structures and the cerebral cortex to promote fear extinction and a reduction in trait stress, anxiety, and traumatic and painful memories.
Dr. Anthony Rhodes - Webster University [Thailand]
This paper examined the effects of Energy Medicine (EM) interventions within the context of defining and understanding transgenerational trauma. The psychophysiological and neurological outcomes of epigenetics in relationship to intergenerational and transgenerational trauma were discussed. EM was highlighted as a viable complement and/or alternative to traditional healthcare. This paper explained how epigenetics plays a vital role in understanding the biogenic process of transgenerational trauma and the potential for non-invasive healing through extremely low frequencies (ELF) of biofield propagations. EM treatments were used as an example of how practitioners can administer EM protocols that emit biofield energy and target neurologically embedded traumatic memories. EM treatments were explained as affecting cortical brain structures and the cerebral cortex to promote fear extinction and a reduction in trait stress, anxiety, and traumatic and painful memories.
Spiritual Mind Treatment, Spiritual Healing, and Scalar Wave Energy; Insufficient Cellular Energy & Alternative Cellular Energy Pathways
Dr. Ayin Adams, D.D., Msc.D. - University of Metaphysics, University of Sedona [USA]
Ms. Ciaara Carlsen - Metaphysical Practitioner, Counselor, Spiritual Director
One can change their life by altering their thoughts. Although scalar energy has always existed, it first entered modern scientific thought in the mid 1800’s. Spiritual Mind Treatment is the art, the act, and the science of consciously inducing thought within the Universal Subjectivity, for the purpose of demonstrating that we are surrounded by a Creative Medium which responds to us through a law of correspondence. All power lies within the framework of our consciousness.
The existence of scalar waves was confirmed by Nicola Tesla and later applied in physics by Albert Einstein. Today, we know scalar energy as the Zero Point field and accept the ubiquity of zero-point energy. Entering the twenty-first century we more fully accept the quantum physicist’s view of material reality as fields of energy and information, meaning that the human self also may be identified as a matrix of energy and information affected by and affecting the surrounding electrical fields.
Dr. Ayin Adams, D.D., Msc.D. - University of Metaphysics, University of Sedona [USA]
Ms. Ciaara Carlsen - Metaphysical Practitioner, Counselor, Spiritual Director
One can change their life by altering their thoughts. Although scalar energy has always existed, it first entered modern scientific thought in the mid 1800’s. Spiritual Mind Treatment is the art, the act, and the science of consciously inducing thought within the Universal Subjectivity, for the purpose of demonstrating that we are surrounded by a Creative Medium which responds to us through a law of correspondence. All power lies within the framework of our consciousness.
The existence of scalar waves was confirmed by Nicola Tesla and later applied in physics by Albert Einstein. Today, we know scalar energy as the Zero Point field and accept the ubiquity of zero-point energy. Entering the twenty-first century we more fully accept the quantum physicist’s view of material reality as fields of energy and information, meaning that the human self also may be identified as a matrix of energy and information affected by and affecting the surrounding electrical fields.
A Qualitative Exploration of Mothers' Experiences in Equine Therapy
Ms. Melody Escobar - Oblate School of Theology [USA]
This presentation reviews the first qualitative descriptive study exploring the connection between spirituality and equine therapy. The results highlight the experiences of 17 mothers with children with disabilities who participated in a 12-week session from January to May 2018 at an equine center near San Antonio, Texas, United States. Emerging themes included perceptions of spirituality as a supporting force, social isolation, and equine therapy as a holistic intervention affecting child and family. This phenomenological research following Max van Manen’s methodological structure of human science inquiry advocated to increase the availability of such therapies that benefit the well-being of the family and community. Respondents described the burdens of caregiving and the isolation that revealed psychological and physical implications for mother and child. A prevailing concern was the complexity and anxiety involved in acquiring funding and coordinating respite support services. Results indicated that mothers perceived equine therapy as having positive, healing effects for the child and as providing relief for family members. Findings demonstrated the challenges of caring for children with disabilities and the potential adverse impact to caregivers’ health. Additionally, the equine center is held as an exemplar for other institutions and practitioners for their support of inclusivity and unique therapeutic experiences for the vulnerable ages 4 to 94 facing difficult emotional and physical health challenges.
Ms. Melody Escobar - Oblate School of Theology [USA]
This presentation reviews the first qualitative descriptive study exploring the connection between spirituality and equine therapy. The results highlight the experiences of 17 mothers with children with disabilities who participated in a 12-week session from January to May 2018 at an equine center near San Antonio, Texas, United States. Emerging themes included perceptions of spirituality as a supporting force, social isolation, and equine therapy as a holistic intervention affecting child and family. This phenomenological research following Max van Manen’s methodological structure of human science inquiry advocated to increase the availability of such therapies that benefit the well-being of the family and community. Respondents described the burdens of caregiving and the isolation that revealed psychological and physical implications for mother and child. A prevailing concern was the complexity and anxiety involved in acquiring funding and coordinating respite support services. Results indicated that mothers perceived equine therapy as having positive, healing effects for the child and as providing relief for family members. Findings demonstrated the challenges of caring for children with disabilities and the potential adverse impact to caregivers’ health. Additionally, the equine center is held as an exemplar for other institutions and practitioners for their support of inclusivity and unique therapeutic experiences for the vulnerable ages 4 to 94 facing difficult emotional and physical health challenges.
Poverty and Mental Health: Attitudes Toward Mental Health and Attitudes to Treatment of Urban Poor Filipinos
Ms. Susanette Angelique E Cruz - Medici di Makati College [Philippines ]
Ms. Jessyl Charlene N Casco - Medici di Makati College [Philippines ]
In 2018, the Philippine Mental Health Law has been approved, upholding accessible services as well as the rights and welfare of people with mental health needs. However, the issue on social stigma is still rampant, causing a barrier to individuals affected who may seek or access treatment services. With the continuous lack of awareness and limited research conducted on mental health in the Philippines, the current study aims to determine whether the attitudes of the Filipinos living in poverty toward mental health as well as other socio-demographic factors such as gender, religious sector, and educational attainment has a correlation with their attitudes toward treatment. The researchers used multiple regression analysis in determining factors correlating with treatment among 180 Filipinos ranging from the age of 18 to 60 years old, male and female, and living in Tondo, Manila. Two instruments, namely Opinions on Mental Illness (OMI) and the Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS), were used to measure the attitudes towards mental health and treatment, respectively. The preliminary results showed that despite the ongoing stigma around mental health, there is no significant predictor variable obtained with attitudes toward treatment. Further findings aim to highlight opportunities for further studies.
Ms. Susanette Angelique E Cruz - Medici di Makati College [Philippines ]
Ms. Jessyl Charlene N Casco - Medici di Makati College [Philippines ]
In 2018, the Philippine Mental Health Law has been approved, upholding accessible services as well as the rights and welfare of people with mental health needs. However, the issue on social stigma is still rampant, causing a barrier to individuals affected who may seek or access treatment services. With the continuous lack of awareness and limited research conducted on mental health in the Philippines, the current study aims to determine whether the attitudes of the Filipinos living in poverty toward mental health as well as other socio-demographic factors such as gender, religious sector, and educational attainment has a correlation with their attitudes toward treatment. The researchers used multiple regression analysis in determining factors correlating with treatment among 180 Filipinos ranging from the age of 18 to 60 years old, male and female, and living in Tondo, Manila. Two instruments, namely Opinions on Mental Illness (OMI) and the Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS), were used to measure the attitudes towards mental health and treatment, respectively. The preliminary results showed that despite the ongoing stigma around mental health, there is no significant predictor variable obtained with attitudes toward treatment. Further findings aim to highlight opportunities for further studies.
Spiritually Informed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Integrating the Wisdom of Kundalini Yoga
Mr. Layven Reguero, M.Ed. - Pacific Graduate School of Professional Psychology [USA]
The wisdom of Yoga has fascinated psychologists for at least a century. Pioneers of psychological theory and practice, including German Ideologist Jakob Wilhelm Hauer (1881-1962) and Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), amongst many others, made early presentations on the intersectionality of Yoga and psychology. Of specific interest are four lectures given in Zürich, Germany in 1932 by C.G. Jung on Kundalini Yoga. C.G. Jung emphasized an interpretation of the Chakras through psychoanalytic theory and his own personal theory of psychological architypes. The most common contemporary psychotherapeutic interventions, however, are derivative of Aaron T. Beck’s (1921 - ) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT is highly favored due to its empirical support and its status as an Evidence-Based Practice in Professional Psychology (EBPP) by the American Psychological Association (APA). The APA has acknowledged the importance including multicultural and spiritual considerations in EBPP. In an effort to widen and enhance the multicultural application of CBT, the current presentation integrates the wisdom of Kundalini with CBT.
Mr. Layven Reguero, M.Ed. - Pacific Graduate School of Professional Psychology [USA]
The wisdom of Yoga has fascinated psychologists for at least a century. Pioneers of psychological theory and practice, including German Ideologist Jakob Wilhelm Hauer (1881-1962) and Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), amongst many others, made early presentations on the intersectionality of Yoga and psychology. Of specific interest are four lectures given in Zürich, Germany in 1932 by C.G. Jung on Kundalini Yoga. C.G. Jung emphasized an interpretation of the Chakras through psychoanalytic theory and his own personal theory of psychological architypes. The most common contemporary psychotherapeutic interventions, however, are derivative of Aaron T. Beck’s (1921 - ) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT is highly favored due to its empirical support and its status as an Evidence-Based Practice in Professional Psychology (EBPP) by the American Psychological Association (APA). The APA has acknowledged the importance including multicultural and spiritual considerations in EBPP. In an effort to widen and enhance the multicultural application of CBT, the current presentation integrates the wisdom of Kundalini with CBT.
Encompassing Cultures: Transpersonal Psychology Universality of Human Consciousness
Dr. Richa Chopra - The Art of Living [India]
This case study is in reference to a series of structured spiritual interventions, carried out by me – on myself and over a wide range of cross cultural human behaviors, observed over a span of two decades. Having observed positive evidential results that supersede the stated norms of Psychotherapeutic Intervention being carried within cultural contexts; the findings have been encouraging enough to investigate further into the realms of The “Universality of Human Consciousness”. Transpersonal or Spiritual psychology examines man in his totality – as a complex system consisting of his soul, mind and body. Rooted itself on the above philosophy, various Entry cum Advance levels of Life Skill Training Workshops (under the aegis of The Art of Living) structured as per its contents, delivery time and methodology are being conducted all-over the world by trained facilitators. The training modules includes Guided Meditations, Yoga Postures, Regulated Breathing Exercises, Introspection of one’s own Mind, Inter-Active processes, Discourses, Mantra Chanting, Engaging oneself in Community Services, Social Interactions etc. as well as certain Unique Specific Processes of its own. In my presentation, I intend to bring it to light a vast reservoir of case studies starting from my life to depictions from all over the world to demonstrate how spiritually-oriented interventions have helped people overcome their struggles in life.
Dr. Richa Chopra - The Art of Living [India]
This case study is in reference to a series of structured spiritual interventions, carried out by me – on myself and over a wide range of cross cultural human behaviors, observed over a span of two decades. Having observed positive evidential results that supersede the stated norms of Psychotherapeutic Intervention being carried within cultural contexts; the findings have been encouraging enough to investigate further into the realms of The “Universality of Human Consciousness”. Transpersonal or Spiritual psychology examines man in his totality – as a complex system consisting of his soul, mind and body. Rooted itself on the above philosophy, various Entry cum Advance levels of Life Skill Training Workshops (under the aegis of The Art of Living) structured as per its contents, delivery time and methodology are being conducted all-over the world by trained facilitators. The training modules includes Guided Meditations, Yoga Postures, Regulated Breathing Exercises, Introspection of one’s own Mind, Inter-Active processes, Discourses, Mantra Chanting, Engaging oneself in Community Services, Social Interactions etc. as well as certain Unique Specific Processes of its own. In my presentation, I intend to bring it to light a vast reservoir of case studies starting from my life to depictions from all over the world to demonstrate how spiritually-oriented interventions have helped people overcome their struggles in life.
Spirituality and Suffering: The Path to Illness Healing In Individuals & Families
Dr. Lorraine M Wright - University of Calgary [Canada]
Have you escaped suffering in your life? Do you know anyone who has? Suffering is not partial to any particular gender, race or religion. Suffering spares no one, and favors no one. Serious illness and loss invites deep suffering when our lives and relationships are changed forever. Deep suffering opens the door to spirituality as attempts are made to make sense of and to heal from suffering. Deep suffering leads one into the spiritual domain as the big questions of life are faced. Suffering and spirituality are an inseparable duo. If we as health professionals are to be helpful, how do we soften deep suffering?
This presentation will encourage us to (re)embrace conversations of illness suffering with our patients/families that will open space to illness healing. The Trinity Model will be presented as a useful framework for thinking about the complex notions of suffering, spirituality, and illness beliefs. Spiritual clinical practices will be presented that include: acknowledging illness suffering, challenging illness beliefs; and bringing forth loving interactions. These practices enable patients/families to move from a place of illness suffering to illness healing. Actual clinical examples will be presented to specifically illustrate how to soften suffering by opening space to spirituality.
Dr. Lorraine M Wright - University of Calgary [Canada]
Have you escaped suffering in your life? Do you know anyone who has? Suffering is not partial to any particular gender, race or religion. Suffering spares no one, and favors no one. Serious illness and loss invites deep suffering when our lives and relationships are changed forever. Deep suffering opens the door to spirituality as attempts are made to make sense of and to heal from suffering. Deep suffering leads one into the spiritual domain as the big questions of life are faced. Suffering and spirituality are an inseparable duo. If we as health professionals are to be helpful, how do we soften deep suffering?
This presentation will encourage us to (re)embrace conversations of illness suffering with our patients/families that will open space to illness healing. The Trinity Model will be presented as a useful framework for thinking about the complex notions of suffering, spirituality, and illness beliefs. Spiritual clinical practices will be presented that include: acknowledging illness suffering, challenging illness beliefs; and bringing forth loving interactions. These practices enable patients/families to move from a place of illness suffering to illness healing. Actual clinical examples will be presented to specifically illustrate how to soften suffering by opening space to spirituality.
Buddhist Spiritual Counselling: Effectiveness on a Healing Journey From Suffering
Dr. Jennifer Yim S.W - University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong, China]
Life is impermanent and full of uncertainty and suffering. How could we handle and alleviate suffering amidst of all the distresses, frustrations and pains, which are inevitable parts of human existence? The development of counselling psychology after World War II become important to the modern world when more people suffer from mental problems. With the growing acceptance of Buddhist counselling practices and more people are suffering from mental and psychological problems, many therapists wanted to explore how Buddha’s teaching can be applied in counselling.
Dr. Jennifer Yim S.W - University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong, China]
Life is impermanent and full of uncertainty and suffering. How could we handle and alleviate suffering amidst of all the distresses, frustrations and pains, which are inevitable parts of human existence? The development of counselling psychology after World War II become important to the modern world when more people suffer from mental problems. With the growing acceptance of Buddhist counselling practices and more people are suffering from mental and psychological problems, many therapists wanted to explore how Buddha’s teaching can be applied in counselling.
Spiritual Health - New Paradigms in Our Understanding Of Spirituality and Health
Dr. Mahesh Prasad Bhatt - DEVISA Uttarakhand [India]
According to the widely accepted definition of human health by WHO which says, “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.” This definition is criticized because of its incomplete nature, so few more dimensions are added to it by healthcare experts, Spiritual Health is now widely accepted as the fourth and vital dimension of human health. We have many definitions of the Spirituality, it is directly connected to ‘Spirit’ or ‘Soul’ or directly or indirectly connected to the religions, belief systems, and faith it makes it complex to define and complicated to understand. ‘Spiritual Health’ needs to understand the ecosystem of complex human thought processes and effect of resulting thoughts like religious, scientific, cultural, and philosophic on the physical, mental and social dimensions of human health and it is not possible without a proper understanding of spirituality. The evolved thoughts, which we call positive thoughts or thoughts of humanity and human values or thoughts of existence and propagation of life in all forms on earth, can be called as the ‘Spiritual Thoughts’ and ‘Spirituality’ for all practical purposes.
Dr. Mahesh Prasad Bhatt - DEVISA Uttarakhand [India]
According to the widely accepted definition of human health by WHO which says, “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.” This definition is criticized because of its incomplete nature, so few more dimensions are added to it by healthcare experts, Spiritual Health is now widely accepted as the fourth and vital dimension of human health. We have many definitions of the Spirituality, it is directly connected to ‘Spirit’ or ‘Soul’ or directly or indirectly connected to the religions, belief systems, and faith it makes it complex to define and complicated to understand. ‘Spiritual Health’ needs to understand the ecosystem of complex human thought processes and effect of resulting thoughts like religious, scientific, cultural, and philosophic on the physical, mental and social dimensions of human health and it is not possible without a proper understanding of spirituality. The evolved thoughts, which we call positive thoughts or thoughts of humanity and human values or thoughts of existence and propagation of life in all forms on earth, can be called as the ‘Spiritual Thoughts’ and ‘Spirituality’ for all practical purposes.
Caring Experience, Revaluing, and Spiritual Transformation: Qn Qnalysis of Henri Nouwen’s Experience in L’Arche
Mr. I-Wei Huang - Graduate Institute of Religious studies, National Chengchi University [Taiwan]
What is the connection between caring experience and spiritual development? Could the practice of charity be an effective way of spiritual cultivation? By looking into Father Henri Nouwen’s experience in L’Arche, my paper, on the basis of his writings, presents a series of transformation resulting from caring disabled people and illustrates how moral practice contributes to the caregiver’s spiritual maturity. First, I argue that moral experience is an important part of spiritual development. Encountering disabled people itself is a moral experience and taking care of heavily-disabled people can be compared to a value-conflicting setting that often triggers the caregiver to revalue his or her life priority. Second, I further argue that moral practice such as caring disabled people, is the outcome of revaluing and can unify the divided-self. These serial transformations enable the caregiver to change his or her appraisal of the disabled people and, as well, improve his or her spiritual maturity. Last, I point out that the moral experience could transform personal ego is composed of two interrelated parts: revaluing and moral practice. The former results in temporarily self- divided, and the later contributes to the unification. Therefore, a moral experience is similar to a conversion experience and leads to more acts of charity and self-transcendence.
Mr. I-Wei Huang - Graduate Institute of Religious studies, National Chengchi University [Taiwan]
What is the connection between caring experience and spiritual development? Could the practice of charity be an effective way of spiritual cultivation? By looking into Father Henri Nouwen’s experience in L’Arche, my paper, on the basis of his writings, presents a series of transformation resulting from caring disabled people and illustrates how moral practice contributes to the caregiver’s spiritual maturity. First, I argue that moral experience is an important part of spiritual development. Encountering disabled people itself is a moral experience and taking care of heavily-disabled people can be compared to a value-conflicting setting that often triggers the caregiver to revalue his or her life priority. Second, I further argue that moral practice such as caring disabled people, is the outcome of revaluing and can unify the divided-self. These serial transformations enable the caregiver to change his or her appraisal of the disabled people and, as well, improve his or her spiritual maturity. Last, I point out that the moral experience could transform personal ego is composed of two interrelated parts: revaluing and moral practice. The former results in temporarily self- divided, and the later contributes to the unification. Therefore, a moral experience is similar to a conversion experience and leads to more acts of charity and self-transcendence.
Spirituality and Resilience in Cambodia: a trauma-informed perspective
Ms. Zoe Wyatt - Deakin University [Australia]
A vast number of children and young people globally face the harsh realities of war, genocide, natural disasters and other such tragedies. Yet there is limited research and few published studies that look specifically at how spirituality can be utilized as a trauma-informed approach to promote resilience and wellbeing for young people. Earlier research conducted with teachers and clinicians working with traumatized children at Hagar International Cambodia indicated a convergence of trauma-informed themes. In particular, a religious and spiritual approach to resilience was identified as one of the key factors for children in their recovery from trauma (Wyatt, et al, 2016). Hagar is a faith-based human rights organization providing advocacy services for women and children who have survived the most extreme cases of human rights abuse. This current study will explore the protective factors that promote wellbeing and resilience for young people (former clients and survivors of trafficking, gender-based violence and abuse) that have been supported by Hagar International Cambodia. Religion and spirituality can offer profound and well-developed world views, which can provide a framework for life through stories and mythologies that bring meaning to individuals in the face of adversity. This presentation will bring together current research and practice, in an exploration of spirituality and resilience for trauma survivors in Cambodia.
Ms. Zoe Wyatt - Deakin University [Australia]
A vast number of children and young people globally face the harsh realities of war, genocide, natural disasters and other such tragedies. Yet there is limited research and few published studies that look specifically at how spirituality can be utilized as a trauma-informed approach to promote resilience and wellbeing for young people. Earlier research conducted with teachers and clinicians working with traumatized children at Hagar International Cambodia indicated a convergence of trauma-informed themes. In particular, a religious and spiritual approach to resilience was identified as one of the key factors for children in their recovery from trauma (Wyatt, et al, 2016). Hagar is a faith-based human rights organization providing advocacy services for women and children who have survived the most extreme cases of human rights abuse. This current study will explore the protective factors that promote wellbeing and resilience for young people (former clients and survivors of trafficking, gender-based violence and abuse) that have been supported by Hagar International Cambodia. Religion and spirituality can offer profound and well-developed world views, which can provide a framework for life through stories and mythologies that bring meaning to individuals in the face of adversity. This presentation will bring together current research and practice, in an exploration of spirituality and resilience for trauma survivors in Cambodia.
Narcissism & Kohuts Self Psychology: Self Practices in service of self-transcendence
Ms. Noelene Rose - RMIT [Australia]
Fifty years ago, Kohot wrote on a “higher form” of narcissism that transcends ego- bound narcissism, which transcends the bounds of the individual. This paper presents some proposed research into daily practices that can either be incorporated into therapy or taught outside of therapy in groups, that fosters some degree of self- transcendence for people suffering from narcissistic disturbances and their co-morbid manifestations. Self practices that can possibly help complete the Kohut Project.
Ms. Noelene Rose - RMIT [Australia]
Fifty years ago, Kohot wrote on a “higher form” of narcissism that transcends ego- bound narcissism, which transcends the bounds of the individual. This paper presents some proposed research into daily practices that can either be incorporated into therapy or taught outside of therapy in groups, that fosters some degree of self- transcendence for people suffering from narcissistic disturbances and their co-morbid manifestations. Self practices that can possibly help complete the Kohut Project.
Deep Spirituality Through Nature
Mr. Greg Bahora [USA]
Whereas people tend to seek spiritual nourishment through religion, my presentation will show that seekers of deeper mystical experiences need to directly engage nature instead to truly increase their spiritual quotient. A common definition of spirituality is ‘the desire to connect with larger things’ and the quest ‘to find meaning in life’. And while all religions provide a meaningful guide to spirituality and life, however without more closely experiencing God’s handiworks through nature, deeper connections can never be fully consummated. It’s a bit like reading a cookbook but never actually cooking. Sure, one can learn about the bits and processes making up a meal but one will never fully experience the forms, textures, aromas, tastes, how the ‘parts’ come together to produce a larger whole, and be able to relish the outcome. Similarly, the only way to gain deep spiritualty is to immerse oneself in nature and directly discover her order, beauties, balances, and harmonies—and hope to even begin understanding the mind of the God that designed it all and put it into motion. To this end, I’ve developed a life practice designed to accelerate one’s knowledge of nature—and therefore spirituality. Entitled Centerlife (www.centerlife.center), it’s designed to familiarize seekers with how nature is organized, how she spontaneously generates harmony, how our lives relate to nature, and we can put her inherent wisdom to work in our lives. All increasing one’s connection with larger things and providing a context to find deeper meaning in life.
Mr. Greg Bahora [USA]
Whereas people tend to seek spiritual nourishment through religion, my presentation will show that seekers of deeper mystical experiences need to directly engage nature instead to truly increase their spiritual quotient. A common definition of spirituality is ‘the desire to connect with larger things’ and the quest ‘to find meaning in life’. And while all religions provide a meaningful guide to spirituality and life, however without more closely experiencing God’s handiworks through nature, deeper connections can never be fully consummated. It’s a bit like reading a cookbook but never actually cooking. Sure, one can learn about the bits and processes making up a meal but one will never fully experience the forms, textures, aromas, tastes, how the ‘parts’ come together to produce a larger whole, and be able to relish the outcome. Similarly, the only way to gain deep spiritualty is to immerse oneself in nature and directly discover her order, beauties, balances, and harmonies—and hope to even begin understanding the mind of the God that designed it all and put it into motion. To this end, I’ve developed a life practice designed to accelerate one’s knowledge of nature—and therefore spirituality. Entitled Centerlife (www.centerlife.center), it’s designed to familiarize seekers with how nature is organized, how she spontaneously generates harmony, how our lives relate to nature, and we can put her inherent wisdom to work in our lives. All increasing one’s connection with larger things and providing a context to find deeper meaning in life.
Being Mindful of Mindfulness
Dr. James Close - Webster University [Thailand]
Mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have become a source of great interest in psychology and medicine. While MBIs have been widely heralded as effective treatments for a range of psychological and physical conditions, research is still in its infancy. Associated with this comes a range of issues that have yet to be adequately addressed. As such, proponents and practitioners of mindfulness need to be mindful of not overstating its claims, benefits, and importance, and they must be realistic about what mindfulness-based practices can achieve. Moreover, proponents and practitioners of mindfulness should note that adopting a mindfulness-based philosophy toward life may not always be the best way forward, particularly when faced with challenging life conditions.
Dr. James Close - Webster University [Thailand]
Mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have become a source of great interest in psychology and medicine. While MBIs have been widely heralded as effective treatments for a range of psychological and physical conditions, research is still in its infancy. Associated with this comes a range of issues that have yet to be adequately addressed. As such, proponents and practitioners of mindfulness need to be mindful of not overstating its claims, benefits, and importance, and they must be realistic about what mindfulness-based practices can achieve. Moreover, proponents and practitioners of mindfulness should note that adopting a mindfulness-based philosophy toward life may not always be the best way forward, particularly when faced with challenging life conditions.
Mindfulness and Well-Being in a College Sample
Mr. Reginald Paul R. Centeno - Ateneo de Manila University [Philippines]
In recent decades, mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to be a very effective as well as economical approach in treating psychological disorders. With the literature from studies in the Western world, positive outcomes have been observed from study after study of this intervention. On the other hand, mindfulness interventions in the Philippines are just beginning, with almost no studies published regarding its efficacy. This study is one of the first exploratory investigations on the potential of mindfulness-based strategies for a young Filipino sample. The findings show how the use of an adapted mindfulness based cognitive therapy approach on a college population can bring about changes in the areas of stress, depression, anxiety and over-all psychological well-being. This study suggests that mindfulness interventions might be a universally effective approach and lead the way for more studies within the Filipino culture and context.
Mr. Reginald Paul R. Centeno - Ateneo de Manila University [Philippines]
In recent decades, mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to be a very effective as well as economical approach in treating psychological disorders. With the literature from studies in the Western world, positive outcomes have been observed from study after study of this intervention. On the other hand, mindfulness interventions in the Philippines are just beginning, with almost no studies published regarding its efficacy. This study is one of the first exploratory investigations on the potential of mindfulness-based strategies for a young Filipino sample. The findings show how the use of an adapted mindfulness based cognitive therapy approach on a college population can bring about changes in the areas of stress, depression, anxiety and over-all psychological well-being. This study suggests that mindfulness interventions might be a universally effective approach and lead the way for more studies within the Filipino culture and context.
A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness to reduce stress and burnout among intern medical practitioners
Dr. Michael Ireland - The University of Southern Queensland [Australia]
Medical doctors are subject to unique occupational stressors that place them at greater risk of experiencing stress and burnout when compared to the general population. A number of negative consequences are associated with stress and burnout among doctors, not only for themselves but also their families, patients, and workplaces. Yet, despite the significant issue of stress and burnout and their serious consequences, very few interventions exist and even fewer have been systematically tested. The current study utilized an RCT design with active control condition to examine the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce stress and burnout among doctors. Participants were 44 (64% female) intern doctors completing their practicum rotation in the emergency department of a major metropolitan hospital. The intervention was a mix mindfulness education and practice. Material was adapted from well-validated psychological treatment programs (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). Adaptations to this material were necessary so that it was applicable for a nonclinical population. Participants were randomized to participate in this mindfulness program or a control group, which constituted extra break time, which was equivalent to the mindfulness training time. The results confirmed that participants undergoing the 10-week mindfulness training program reported greater improvements in stress and burnout relative to participants in the control condition.
Dr. Michael Ireland - The University of Southern Queensland [Australia]
Medical doctors are subject to unique occupational stressors that place them at greater risk of experiencing stress and burnout when compared to the general population. A number of negative consequences are associated with stress and burnout among doctors, not only for themselves but also their families, patients, and workplaces. Yet, despite the significant issue of stress and burnout and their serious consequences, very few interventions exist and even fewer have been systematically tested. The current study utilized an RCT design with active control condition to examine the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce stress and burnout among doctors. Participants were 44 (64% female) intern doctors completing their practicum rotation in the emergency department of a major metropolitan hospital. The intervention was a mix mindfulness education and practice. Material was adapted from well-validated psychological treatment programs (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). Adaptations to this material were necessary so that it was applicable for a nonclinical population. Participants were randomized to participate in this mindfulness program or a control group, which constituted extra break time, which was equivalent to the mindfulness training time. The results confirmed that participants undergoing the 10-week mindfulness training program reported greater improvements in stress and burnout relative to participants in the control condition.
A Religious Case for Soul in Hillman's Psychology: A Desert Paradigm for Contemporary Healing
Mr. Nathan Garcia - Oblate School of Theology [USA]
The psychology of James Hillman offers a vibrant, soulful alternative to many who are religiously disenchanted or non-traditional spiritual seekers. Moreover, his thought is particularly understanding and sensitive to those who struggle emotionally. Unfortunately, Hillman’s thought is overtly anti-religious and seemingly incompatible within a religious framework. Specifically, there are three core anti-religious tenets in his intellectual worldview. Such a religious hostility is detrimental to the religiously-minded person who finds value and healing in Hillman’s thought. I argue that Hillman’s psychology is capable of religious appropriation and, in fact, has been religiously lived out in the desert monasticism of early Christianity. The desert monks lived soulful lives in accordance with Hillman’s seemingly anti-religious tenets. Hence, this historical precedence gives us a helpful paradigm in which to incorporate Hillman’s thoughts through religious lenses. Finally, I look at a few modern areas where this desert paradigm could help provide new assessments and approaches to societal issues. I look to how Hillman’s thought, facilitated through a desert paradigm, can reimagine our presumptions and approaches to emotional health. Specifically, I look at the societal stigma of depression and utilize Hillman’s analysis to help elucidate a very misunderstood, deeply human phenomenon. This focus is demonstrative of the potency of Hillman’s thought and why it should be constructively engaged with by religious communities.
Mr. Nathan Garcia - Oblate School of Theology [USA]
The psychology of James Hillman offers a vibrant, soulful alternative to many who are religiously disenchanted or non-traditional spiritual seekers. Moreover, his thought is particularly understanding and sensitive to those who struggle emotionally. Unfortunately, Hillman’s thought is overtly anti-religious and seemingly incompatible within a religious framework. Specifically, there are three core anti-religious tenets in his intellectual worldview. Such a religious hostility is detrimental to the religiously-minded person who finds value and healing in Hillman’s thought. I argue that Hillman’s psychology is capable of religious appropriation and, in fact, has been religiously lived out in the desert monasticism of early Christianity. The desert monks lived soulful lives in accordance with Hillman’s seemingly anti-religious tenets. Hence, this historical precedence gives us a helpful paradigm in which to incorporate Hillman’s thoughts through religious lenses. Finally, I look at a few modern areas where this desert paradigm could help provide new assessments and approaches to societal issues. I look to how Hillman’s thought, facilitated through a desert paradigm, can reimagine our presumptions and approaches to emotional health. Specifically, I look at the societal stigma of depression and utilize Hillman’s analysis to help elucidate a very misunderstood, deeply human phenomenon. This focus is demonstrative of the potency of Hillman’s thought and why it should be constructively engaged with by religious communities.
The Comparison of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with the Theory of Spiritual Needs from Islam’s View
Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Safouraei Parizi - Almustafa international university [Iran]
In the following paper, at first, we review the status and importance of the needs in the field of psychology. Further, considering the necessity of spiritual needs in the hierarchy of needs, we briefly investigate the literature of value thinking as well as the existing scientific texts about the importance and position of the spiritual needs. In the realm of religious knowledge, the range of needs extends from the limits of human being and his relationships with himself and others to the extent of God and all beings. With this assumption, human’s spiritual needs are discussed to correspond to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in five categories (the needs of existence, spiritual safety needs, the need for love and friendship with God, the need for spiritual self-actualization and proximity to God). It is hoped this approach would open up a new door to the psychology of religion and raise another dimension of human needs which is clearly missed in Maslow’s pyramid of needs.
Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Safouraei Parizi - Almustafa international university [Iran]
In the following paper, at first, we review the status and importance of the needs in the field of psychology. Further, considering the necessity of spiritual needs in the hierarchy of needs, we briefly investigate the literature of value thinking as well as the existing scientific texts about the importance and position of the spiritual needs. In the realm of religious knowledge, the range of needs extends from the limits of human being and his relationships with himself and others to the extent of God and all beings. With this assumption, human’s spiritual needs are discussed to correspond to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in five categories (the needs of existence, spiritual safety needs, the need for love and friendship with God, the need for spiritual self-actualization and proximity to God). It is hoped this approach would open up a new door to the psychology of religion and raise another dimension of human needs which is clearly missed in Maslow’s pyramid of needs.
The Quality of Life for the Children on Sebatik Island, Sabah, Malaysia
Dr. Chua Bee Seok - Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universiti Malaysia Sabah [Malaysia]
The purpose of this survey was to develop a better understanding of the well-being, life satisfaction and happiness with life among children in Sebatik Island. This study also aimed to identify significant indicators of life satisfaction and happiness with life among island children from the ten aspects of well-being. Data for this study were collected from 122 children with age ranged from 10 to 12 years old from two primary school at Sebatik Island, Sabah. The Good Childhood Index was used to measure overall well-being and in relation to 10 aspects of the life of children. It includes a single-item measure of happiness with life as a whole, a five-item measure of overall life satisfaction. The results indicated that children in SebatikIsland tend to be happy - the mean score on 10 point scale was 8.55. Around 2.5% of the children scored below the mid-point on this scale or only 3 out of 122 young people in Sebatik Island were more unhappy than happy. For life satisfaction scale, the score can range from 5 to 25. Again the result showed the life satisfaction of the children at Sebatik Island was generally positive.The mean score on this scale was 19.93. Only about 3.3% or 4 out of 122 of children at Sebatik Island scored below the mid-point of 15 on this scale. The result indicated that choices in life and good relationship with a friend were the positive and significant predictors of life satisfaction among children in Sebatik Island. Findings also showed three aspects of well-being: choices in life, health condition and own were the positive and significant predictors of children’s happiness with life.
Dr. Chua Bee Seok - Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universiti Malaysia Sabah [Malaysia]
The purpose of this survey was to develop a better understanding of the well-being, life satisfaction and happiness with life among children in Sebatik Island. This study also aimed to identify significant indicators of life satisfaction and happiness with life among island children from the ten aspects of well-being. Data for this study were collected from 122 children with age ranged from 10 to 12 years old from two primary school at Sebatik Island, Sabah. The Good Childhood Index was used to measure overall well-being and in relation to 10 aspects of the life of children. It includes a single-item measure of happiness with life as a whole, a five-item measure of overall life satisfaction. The results indicated that children in SebatikIsland tend to be happy - the mean score on 10 point scale was 8.55. Around 2.5% of the children scored below the mid-point on this scale or only 3 out of 122 young people in Sebatik Island were more unhappy than happy. For life satisfaction scale, the score can range from 5 to 25. Again the result showed the life satisfaction of the children at Sebatik Island was generally positive.The mean score on this scale was 19.93. Only about 3.3% or 4 out of 122 of children at Sebatik Island scored below the mid-point of 15 on this scale. The result indicated that choices in life and good relationship with a friend were the positive and significant predictors of life satisfaction among children in Sebatik Island. Findings also showed three aspects of well-being: choices in life, health condition and own were the positive and significant predictors of children’s happiness with life.
Effect of Driving Anger on the Violation of Traffic Laws
Dr. Getrude C. Ah Gang - University Malaysia Sabah [Malaysia]
The implementation of traffic laws to all road users may promote safety and redue potential risks to road users. Nevertheless, not all road users comply with traffic laws when they feel negative emotions such as anger, particularly drivers. To understand this phenomenon, a study was conducted to examine the effects of driving anger on the violation of traffic laws. The difference between male and female drivers in terms of driving anger and violating traffic laws was also measured. A total of 222 drivers; 130 (58.60%) males, 91 (41%) females and one who did not mention his/her gender participated in this study. The mean aged of participants was 34.43 years (SD=10.20). This study focused on drivers with valid driver's license in the area of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. A set of questionnaires consisting of three sections was used; Section A (demographic profile comprising age, driving experience, gender, academic level, and driving experience); Section B (self-reported violation of traffic laws) and Section C (driving anger). Data were analysed using a simple regression analysis and an independent T-test. The study showed that driving anger contributed to 3% of the variance on the violation of traffic laws. Moreover, the male drivers scored higher on the violation of traffic laws than the female drivers. By contrast, the female drivers scored higher on driving anger than the male drivers. The results provided an insight into the effects on the violation of traffic laws and the difference between males and females in terms of driving anger and the violation of traffic laws.
Dr. Getrude C. Ah Gang - University Malaysia Sabah [Malaysia]
The implementation of traffic laws to all road users may promote safety and redue potential risks to road users. Nevertheless, not all road users comply with traffic laws when they feel negative emotions such as anger, particularly drivers. To understand this phenomenon, a study was conducted to examine the effects of driving anger on the violation of traffic laws. The difference between male and female drivers in terms of driving anger and violating traffic laws was also measured. A total of 222 drivers; 130 (58.60%) males, 91 (41%) females and one who did not mention his/her gender participated in this study. The mean aged of participants was 34.43 years (SD=10.20). This study focused on drivers with valid driver's license in the area of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. A set of questionnaires consisting of three sections was used; Section A (demographic profile comprising age, driving experience, gender, academic level, and driving experience); Section B (self-reported violation of traffic laws) and Section C (driving anger). Data were analysed using a simple regression analysis and an independent T-test. The study showed that driving anger contributed to 3% of the variance on the violation of traffic laws. Moreover, the male drivers scored higher on the violation of traffic laws than the female drivers. By contrast, the female drivers scored higher on driving anger than the male drivers. The results provided an insight into the effects on the violation of traffic laws and the difference between males and females in terms of driving anger and the violation of traffic laws.
Product Endorser associated with Brand Preference of Filipino Millennials
Ms. Marinie Odchigue Saban - Medici di Makati College [Philippines]
Ms. AngelKhay Fortuna Pesebre - Medici di Makati College [Philippines]
Millennials are social consumers (McCormick, 2016) and endorser image and trustable persuasion are the ways to attract consumers. Using celebrity to endorse a product being shown in commercial and social media sites may generate effective public recognition for a brand and might affect their purchase intention. The purpose of this study is to know if there’s a relationship between celebrities promoting a product and millennial preference. The research is based on the Attractiveness Model theory by McGuire (1985), states that effectiveness of the message is dependent not only on the attractiveness of the endorser, but rather on his similarity, likeability, and familiarity to the receiver. The 48 items on a four-point Likert scale which was adapted from Ohanian (1990) ‘Celebrity Endorsement Scale’ with a Cronbach alpha of α=.93, were administered to a sample of 385 to assess the contrast between Local and Foreign Celebrity Endorsement effects on purchase intention of millennials, with an age ranging from 22 to 37 years old. Results of the study showed that endorsement through local and foreign celebrities has similar and not much significant influence on purchase intention, with no major difference by country origin of celebrity. In the study, consumer-celebrity relationship is assessed and confirms that attributes of celebrity (Local or Foreign) are not much important for intent to purchase for existing products but quality, brand image and brand loyalty are the key factors for intention to purchase.
Ms. Marinie Odchigue Saban - Medici di Makati College [Philippines]
Ms. AngelKhay Fortuna Pesebre - Medici di Makati College [Philippines]
Millennials are social consumers (McCormick, 2016) and endorser image and trustable persuasion are the ways to attract consumers. Using celebrity to endorse a product being shown in commercial and social media sites may generate effective public recognition for a brand and might affect their purchase intention. The purpose of this study is to know if there’s a relationship between celebrities promoting a product and millennial preference. The research is based on the Attractiveness Model theory by McGuire (1985), states that effectiveness of the message is dependent not only on the attractiveness of the endorser, but rather on his similarity, likeability, and familiarity to the receiver. The 48 items on a four-point Likert scale which was adapted from Ohanian (1990) ‘Celebrity Endorsement Scale’ with a Cronbach alpha of α=.93, were administered to a sample of 385 to assess the contrast between Local and Foreign Celebrity Endorsement effects on purchase intention of millennials, with an age ranging from 22 to 37 years old. Results of the study showed that endorsement through local and foreign celebrities has similar and not much significant influence on purchase intention, with no major difference by country origin of celebrity. In the study, consumer-celebrity relationship is assessed and confirms that attributes of celebrity (Local or Foreign) are not much important for intent to purchase for existing products but quality, brand image and brand loyalty are the key factors for intention to purchase.
Bahaghari: A Study of Violence in LGBTQ+
Ms. Allyssa Reyes - Makati Medical Center College [Philippines]
Mr. Salvador Guiller Navera IV - Makati Medical Center College [Philippines]
Human rights violations is a worldwide occurrence confronting many countries today. A rising type of violence is committed against the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) community. Despite of social orientation and gender sensitivity movement, human rights violations, due to opposition or non-acceptance of sexual orientation, gender identity today, remains widespread. The Philippines, is a traditional patriarchal society with fixed male and female roles. Non conformance to these led to exploitation, physical, emotional and sexual abuse. The recent rise in cyber crime has the LGBTQ+ falling victims of violence and in some cases even deaths. This study aims presents data and conclusion that non- conformance to social construction of genders increase the risk for the LBGTQ+ to be in conflict with traditional perception of gender roles leading to violence . While this situation persists there is lack of awareness, laws and regulations to protect LGBTQ+ community. The researcher included qualitative phenomenology research approach. Data were collected from multiple sources: observations, individual interviews and transcriptions from participants from various educational levels, sects, socio-economic backgrounds, and age. These narratives were analysed using a thematic analysis. Anticipated results showed the central role social constructions of gender are a source of conflict in violence. Further findings aim to help future studies.
Ms. Allyssa Reyes - Makati Medical Center College [Philippines]
Mr. Salvador Guiller Navera IV - Makati Medical Center College [Philippines]
Human rights violations is a worldwide occurrence confronting many countries today. A rising type of violence is committed against the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) community. Despite of social orientation and gender sensitivity movement, human rights violations, due to opposition or non-acceptance of sexual orientation, gender identity today, remains widespread. The Philippines, is a traditional patriarchal society with fixed male and female roles. Non conformance to these led to exploitation, physical, emotional and sexual abuse. The recent rise in cyber crime has the LGBTQ+ falling victims of violence and in some cases even deaths. This study aims presents data and conclusion that non- conformance to social construction of genders increase the risk for the LBGTQ+ to be in conflict with traditional perception of gender roles leading to violence . While this situation persists there is lack of awareness, laws and regulations to protect LGBTQ+ community. The researcher included qualitative phenomenology research approach. Data were collected from multiple sources: observations, individual interviews and transcriptions from participants from various educational levels, sects, socio-economic backgrounds, and age. These narratives were analysed using a thematic analysis. Anticipated results showed the central role social constructions of gender are a source of conflict in violence. Further findings aim to help future studies.
Spiritual Connection with Nature: Twenty-Seven Cases from RERC
Ms. Mei-Feng Yang - Graduate Institute of Religious Studies, National Chengchi University [R. O. C. Taiwan]
This paper discusses twenty-seven extraordinary cases among the one-hundred and forty-three reports collected in the RERC (Religious Experience Research Centre, University of Wales Trinity Saint David) and published in the Seeing the Invisible. These cases chosen are all examples demonstrating experiences’ spiritual connection with nature. I analyze each of their contents, explore their background, and identify factors that contribute to their particular experiences, and highlight their three common features: nature, spirituality, and their mutual relationship. I further discuss them in the categories of nature religion, nature mysticism, spirituality, and nature experience, comparing their similarities and divergences. In conclusion, I affirm that the phenomenon of “spiritual connection with nature” should be regarded as a type of religious / spiritual experience involving transcendent and mysterious characteristics.
Ms. Mei-Feng Yang - Graduate Institute of Religious Studies, National Chengchi University [R. O. C. Taiwan]
This paper discusses twenty-seven extraordinary cases among the one-hundred and forty-three reports collected in the RERC (Religious Experience Research Centre, University of Wales Trinity Saint David) and published in the Seeing the Invisible. These cases chosen are all examples demonstrating experiences’ spiritual connection with nature. I analyze each of their contents, explore their background, and identify factors that contribute to their particular experiences, and highlight their three common features: nature, spirituality, and their mutual relationship. I further discuss them in the categories of nature religion, nature mysticism, spirituality, and nature experience, comparing their similarities and divergences. In conclusion, I affirm that the phenomenon of “spiritual connection with nature” should be regarded as a type of religious / spiritual experience involving transcendent and mysterious characteristics.
Use of Falun Gong to Address Traumatic Stress Among Marginalized Clients
Dr. Margaret Trey - Center for Traumatic Stress Research, Xavier University of Lousianna [USA]
Dr. Cirecie Olatunji -Xavier University of Louisiana [USA]
Although mental health service providers have focused on the effects of trauma and related interventions for several decades, little is known about pervasive and historic trauma, particularly for socially marginalized individuals. Thus, clinical issues associated with socio-political oppression have been under-investigated. Coupled with lack of sufficient cultural competence when working with diverse clients, mainstream clinicians frequently lack adequate case conceptualization skills and culturally situated interventions to assist clients from diverse backgrounds. Using traumatic stress as a framework for exploring evidence-based interventions to address long-term, pervasive marginalization and its psychological effects, the authors propose that mindfulness techniques are of particular benefit to this client population. To address traumatic stress for marginalized client populations, the authors provide a review of culture-centered interventions, focusing on the use of the mindfulness practice of Falun Gong, an ancient Chinese mind-body spiritual meditation discipline. Recommendations include inclusion of traumatic stress theory and techniques in pre-service training, professional development training for practitioners focusing on mindfulness techniques for clients assessed with historical trauma, and web-based training for clinical faculty to enhance their knowledge about traumatic stress, historical trauma, and also the integration of the mindful practice of Falun Gong for clients from marginalized communities.
Dr. Margaret Trey - Center for Traumatic Stress Research, Xavier University of Lousianna [USA]
Dr. Cirecie Olatunji -Xavier University of Louisiana [USA]
Although mental health service providers have focused on the effects of trauma and related interventions for several decades, little is known about pervasive and historic trauma, particularly for socially marginalized individuals. Thus, clinical issues associated with socio-political oppression have been under-investigated. Coupled with lack of sufficient cultural competence when working with diverse clients, mainstream clinicians frequently lack adequate case conceptualization skills and culturally situated interventions to assist clients from diverse backgrounds. Using traumatic stress as a framework for exploring evidence-based interventions to address long-term, pervasive marginalization and its psychological effects, the authors propose that mindfulness techniques are of particular benefit to this client population. To address traumatic stress for marginalized client populations, the authors provide a review of culture-centered interventions, focusing on the use of the mindfulness practice of Falun Gong, an ancient Chinese mind-body spiritual meditation discipline. Recommendations include inclusion of traumatic stress theory and techniques in pre-service training, professional development training for practitioners focusing on mindfulness techniques for clients assessed with historical trauma, and web-based training for clinical faculty to enhance their knowledge about traumatic stress, historical trauma, and also the integration of the mindful practice of Falun Gong for clients from marginalized communities.
Possible Therapeutic Benefit of Spiritual Images
Prof. Buddhaporn Srisupawat - Webster University [Thailand]
Dr. Amoneeta Beckstein [USA]
While talk therapy seems to be the golden standard in counseling psychology, there are other possible modalities that have some empirical support. The use of photographs is one such example that has potential to help clients express themselves in instances where words are not enough. Furthermore, it seems that religiosity, spirituality or a general connection to a higher power likely have a positive effect on happiness for many people. Therefore, it seems to make sense that viewing spiritual photos could have a positive impact on happiness. This paper first reviews literature on the use of images and photographs generally as therapeutic tools and then the rather scant literature on the use of spiritual images more specifically. Limitations, possible implications for therapy, and future directions are briefly discussed.
Prof. Buddhaporn Srisupawat - Webster University [Thailand]
Dr. Amoneeta Beckstein [USA]
While talk therapy seems to be the golden standard in counseling psychology, there are other possible modalities that have some empirical support. The use of photographs is one such example that has potential to help clients express themselves in instances where words are not enough. Furthermore, it seems that religiosity, spirituality or a general connection to a higher power likely have a positive effect on happiness for many people. Therefore, it seems to make sense that viewing spiritual photos could have a positive impact on happiness. This paper first reviews literature on the use of images and photographs generally as therapeutic tools and then the rather scant literature on the use of spiritual images more specifically. Limitations, possible implications for therapy, and future directions are briefly discussed.
Spiritual Wellness vs Overall Growth and Development
Dr. Gurvinder Ahluwalia [India]
In this research an attempt was made to identify the connection between overall growth and development (physical, socio-emotional and existential growth) of an individual with spiritual wellness. This potential is to be developed and / or stabilized as a result of one’s search for meaning of life. The research has provided greater insight about how the spiritual wellness fuses the qualities of head and heart. The person can use spiritual wellness to transform self and others, heal relationships, recognize the power of forgiveness, enhance the capacity to give and receive love, cope with grief and go beyond. It also implies aesthetic sensitivity and appreciation of beauty. Spiritual wellness not only equips the person for personal life, but for civic life as well. People with greater spiritual awareness, are taking personal responsibility, improving personal relationships and becoming dispassionate in the face of challenges. They can further contribute to changing deeply-entrenched social misdemeanors including corruption, bribery, nepotism and antagonism against weaker sections, by showing inner empowerment i.e. the person demonstrates inner power to influence or transform the society. Besides, research article has explained about spiritual practice, which has been described as the development and training of one’s mental states, gradually removing destructive mental states and replacing them with constructive state of mind such as kindness, tolerance and forgiveness.
Dr. Gurvinder Ahluwalia [India]
In this research an attempt was made to identify the connection between overall growth and development (physical, socio-emotional and existential growth) of an individual with spiritual wellness. This potential is to be developed and / or stabilized as a result of one’s search for meaning of life. The research has provided greater insight about how the spiritual wellness fuses the qualities of head and heart. The person can use spiritual wellness to transform self and others, heal relationships, recognize the power of forgiveness, enhance the capacity to give and receive love, cope with grief and go beyond. It also implies aesthetic sensitivity and appreciation of beauty. Spiritual wellness not only equips the person for personal life, but for civic life as well. People with greater spiritual awareness, are taking personal responsibility, improving personal relationships and becoming dispassionate in the face of challenges. They can further contribute to changing deeply-entrenched social misdemeanors including corruption, bribery, nepotism and antagonism against weaker sections, by showing inner empowerment i.e. the person demonstrates inner power to influence or transform the society. Besides, research article has explained about spiritual practice, which has been described as the development and training of one’s mental states, gradually removing destructive mental states and replacing them with constructive state of mind such as kindness, tolerance and forgiveness.
The Impact of Reiki Treatments (Hands-on Energetic Healing) in Reducing Stress and Improving the Well-being & Quality of life of Young people
Ms. Bhavna Khemlani [Thailand]
This research focuses on mind-body emotions and reveals the essence of bringing balance through Reiki Energetic Healing (Hands-on Healing). The focus of this research is on nine young people from aged 18-40 who can understand and bring a balance in his or her life by unblocking, filtering, and recognizing thoughts and clearing blockage in Chakras through Reiki Energetic Healing. The significance of this study brings awareness of holistic and alternative way of Energy healing through infusing the body with charged magnetic energy from the practitioner’s own field through support, love, compassion, and respect. Like meditation, Reiki is a passive rather than an active skill-based practice, and both would be more accurately placed in a category of holistic/spiritual healing practice rather than under the interventionist perspective and practice of energy medicine. The research was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand. This is a Qualitative Research where nine participants fill in a participant form about themselves and three other forms after every Reiki treatment. The treatments were conducted by two Reiki Master Teachers and two Reiki Masters who volunteered to support and provide Hands-on healing in order to gather sufficient information about improvements and avoid being bias. The Reiki treatments have illuminated a valuable insight that each respondent received by three treatments and have understood, felt relaxed, healed and self-evaluated the progress. Some participants also started to learn Reiki after the results and awareness.
Ms. Bhavna Khemlani [Thailand]
This research focuses on mind-body emotions and reveals the essence of bringing balance through Reiki Energetic Healing (Hands-on Healing). The focus of this research is on nine young people from aged 18-40 who can understand and bring a balance in his or her life by unblocking, filtering, and recognizing thoughts and clearing blockage in Chakras through Reiki Energetic Healing. The significance of this study brings awareness of holistic and alternative way of Energy healing through infusing the body with charged magnetic energy from the practitioner’s own field through support, love, compassion, and respect. Like meditation, Reiki is a passive rather than an active skill-based practice, and both would be more accurately placed in a category of holistic/spiritual healing practice rather than under the interventionist perspective and practice of energy medicine. The research was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand. This is a Qualitative Research where nine participants fill in a participant form about themselves and three other forms after every Reiki treatment. The treatments were conducted by two Reiki Master Teachers and two Reiki Masters who volunteered to support and provide Hands-on healing in order to gather sufficient information about improvements and avoid being bias. The Reiki treatments have illuminated a valuable insight that each respondent received by three treatments and have understood, felt relaxed, healed and self-evaluated the progress. Some participants also started to learn Reiki after the results and awareness.
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