3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPIRITUALITY AND PSYCHOLOGY [ICSP2018]
13th - 15th of March 2018, Bangkok, Thailand
Aetas Lumpini Hotel
PROCEEDINGS
13th - 15th of March 2018, Bangkok, Thailand
Aetas Lumpini Hotel
PROCEEDINGS
Keynote speaker
Entrain Your Brain - Take Control Over Anxiety
Prof. Anthony Rhodes [Thailand]
This paper examined the effects of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) interventions within the context of escalating anxiety disorders in the world today. The psychophysiological and neurological symptoms of anxiety and rising healthcare costs of treatment were discussed. Energy medicine (EM) was highlighted as a viable alternative to traditional healthcare. This paper explained how entrainment plays a vital role in understanding the endogenous process of healing through CAM modalities such as Reiki. Reiki treatments were used as an example of how the intentionality of Reiki practitioners employ the use of EM principles and entrainment to emit biofield energy that specifically targets anxiety affected cortical regions of the cerebral cortex to promote fear extinction and a reduction in state anxiety.
Keywords: Energy medicine, biofield, entrainment, Reiki, anxiogenic blockages, homeostasis
Entrain Your Brain - Take Control Over Anxiety
Prof. Anthony Rhodes [Thailand]
This paper examined the effects of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) interventions within the context of escalating anxiety disorders in the world today. The psychophysiological and neurological symptoms of anxiety and rising healthcare costs of treatment were discussed. Energy medicine (EM) was highlighted as a viable alternative to traditional healthcare. This paper explained how entrainment plays a vital role in understanding the endogenous process of healing through CAM modalities such as Reiki. Reiki treatments were used as an example of how the intentionality of Reiki practitioners employ the use of EM principles and entrainment to emit biofield energy that specifically targets anxiety affected cortical regions of the cerebral cortex to promote fear extinction and a reduction in state anxiety.
Keywords: Energy medicine, biofield, entrainment, Reiki, anxiogenic blockages, homeostasis
Yours, Mine, or Ours: Cultural Appropriation in Holistic Psychology
Mr. Christopher Valles-Martinez [USA]
Traditional psychological practice in the western world privileges cognitive functioning undergirded by Cartesian Dualism (Leitian & Murray, 2014) resulting in a dismissal of other modes of accessing the psyche. Somatic psychologies including Structural Integration, Bioenergetic Analysis, and Focusing, instead center on the body as a way of accessing the psyche (Barratt, 2010). In short, cognitive psychology centers around the intellect whereas somatic psychology emphasizes bodily experience. However, some new approaches, such as Arnold Mindell’s Process Oriented Psychology also known as Process Work, include both of the aforementioned ways of accessing the psyche, assuming an interconnected component of everything and incorporating different realms, spirits/entities, and Quantum fields (Transpersonal). Process Work, a relatively young approach in the western world, draws from indigenous practices (shamanism), eastern tradition (Taoism/I-ching), and western Dream Work (Jung). Although western psychologies can benefit from holistic approaches used in eastern and indigenous cultures ethical issues of cultural appropriation can create barriers to their development by problematizing these psychologies because of their borrowed practices and historical oppression and colonization. This paper will address the tension between the allowance of appropriation for a young psychology to develop and the awareness and sensitivity to the original cultures of these practices.
Key Words: cognitive psychology, somatic psychology, holistic psychology, and cultural appropriation
Mr. Christopher Valles-Martinez [USA]
Traditional psychological practice in the western world privileges cognitive functioning undergirded by Cartesian Dualism (Leitian & Murray, 2014) resulting in a dismissal of other modes of accessing the psyche. Somatic psychologies including Structural Integration, Bioenergetic Analysis, and Focusing, instead center on the body as a way of accessing the psyche (Barratt, 2010). In short, cognitive psychology centers around the intellect whereas somatic psychology emphasizes bodily experience. However, some new approaches, such as Arnold Mindell’s Process Oriented Psychology also known as Process Work, include both of the aforementioned ways of accessing the psyche, assuming an interconnected component of everything and incorporating different realms, spirits/entities, and Quantum fields (Transpersonal). Process Work, a relatively young approach in the western world, draws from indigenous practices (shamanism), eastern tradition (Taoism/I-ching), and western Dream Work (Jung). Although western psychologies can benefit from holistic approaches used in eastern and indigenous cultures ethical issues of cultural appropriation can create barriers to their development by problematizing these psychologies because of their borrowed practices and historical oppression and colonization. This paper will address the tension between the allowance of appropriation for a young psychology to develop and the awareness and sensitivity to the original cultures of these practices.
Key Words: cognitive psychology, somatic psychology, holistic psychology, and cultural appropriation
Interplay of Psychological Well Being and Spirituality during Old Age: Analyzing through Gender Lens
Dr. Ritu Singh [India]
Dr. Ritu Singh [India]
Post Abandonment Psychological Adaptation among Elderly in North India
Ms. Aditi Gupta [India]
Traditional Family System in India presupposes that elderly parents live with children throughout life. The trend has changed in last decade as more old age care shelters and retirement homes have mushroomed in urban dwellings. While much research focuses on the negative consequences of challenges in old age, the present study investigates psychological adaptability of abandoned elderly in old age homes of Delhi-NCR. The administration of Post Traumatic Growth Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Inventory and Semi Structured Interviews with 50 elderly has demonstrated remarkable psychological adaptation among older adults. It is also observed that 72% residents reported that they would not return to their homes if given choice, but 100% residents do not wish that anyone in their family be sent to institution for elderly care. The demographics and causes of living at Old age home are examined along with reason for this discrepancy and late adulthood concerns. The analysis was done using frequency table and percentage statistics for quantitative data and narrative analysis of five factors of PTGI for qualitative data.
Keywords: Abandoned elderly, Psychological adaptation, Posttraumatic growth, Resilience, Old age
Ms. Aditi Gupta [India]
Traditional Family System in India presupposes that elderly parents live with children throughout life. The trend has changed in last decade as more old age care shelters and retirement homes have mushroomed in urban dwellings. While much research focuses on the negative consequences of challenges in old age, the present study investigates psychological adaptability of abandoned elderly in old age homes of Delhi-NCR. The administration of Post Traumatic Growth Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Inventory and Semi Structured Interviews with 50 elderly has demonstrated remarkable psychological adaptation among older adults. It is also observed that 72% residents reported that they would not return to their homes if given choice, but 100% residents do not wish that anyone in their family be sent to institution for elderly care. The demographics and causes of living at Old age home are examined along with reason for this discrepancy and late adulthood concerns. The analysis was done using frequency table and percentage statistics for quantitative data and narrative analysis of five factors of PTGI for qualitative data.
Keywords: Abandoned elderly, Psychological adaptation, Posttraumatic growth, Resilience, Old age
Marginalization, meaning in life, and mindfulness: A mixed methods study
Dr. Zvi Bellin [USA] & Ms. Karla Papula [USA]
This mixed-method study looked at the relationship between marginalization, meaning in life, and mindfulness. Study 1 explored the empirical relationship between three constructs (N = 106). Marginalization correlated negatively with meaning in life and with mindfulness. Meaning in life and mindfulness showed a positive correlation. Mindfulness, in part, explained the relationship between marginalization and meaning in life. This suggests that mindfulness can be a helpful intervention for marginalized people who experience a sense of meaning frustration.
In study 2, eight participants with marginalized identities in the U.S. were interviewed to understand how mindfulness has impacted their sense of meaning in life. Three themes are discussed: community, practices, and core teachings. The article concludes with recommendations for mental health practitioners and a discussion of limitations and directions for further research.
Keywords: marginalization, meaning in life, mindfulness, self-compassion, narrative analysis
Dr. Zvi Bellin [USA] & Ms. Karla Papula [USA]
This mixed-method study looked at the relationship between marginalization, meaning in life, and mindfulness. Study 1 explored the empirical relationship between three constructs (N = 106). Marginalization correlated negatively with meaning in life and with mindfulness. Meaning in life and mindfulness showed a positive correlation. Mindfulness, in part, explained the relationship between marginalization and meaning in life. This suggests that mindfulness can be a helpful intervention for marginalized people who experience a sense of meaning frustration.
In study 2, eight participants with marginalized identities in the U.S. were interviewed to understand how mindfulness has impacted their sense of meaning in life. Three themes are discussed: community, practices, and core teachings. The article concludes with recommendations for mental health practitioners and a discussion of limitations and directions for further research.
Keywords: marginalization, meaning in life, mindfulness, self-compassion, narrative analysis
Spirituality: The Key of Success Wherever You Are
Dr. Balambika Kazhani Sreenivasan [India]
Dr. Balambika Kazhani Sreenivasan [India]
A Look at the Meaning of Life through Psychologists Jung and Yalom
Dr. Amoneeta Beckstein [Thailand]
This paper examines what two theorists from two different theoretical perspectives in psychology, Carl Jung (an analytical psychologist) and Irvin Yalom (an existential psychologist) have to say about the meaning of life. This paper explores their writings on the topic and how their thinking sometimes converges and sometimes diverges. It appears that there is enough agreement to give psychologists some guidelines to assist them in finding meaning in their own lives and the lives of their clients. It seems clear that the search for meaning in life is an important issue for people in general and for psychologists in particular. If psychologists are able to deal with some of these existential questions about their own lives, they will be better equipped to assist their clients, many of whom will undoubtedly be doing their own searching for meaning.
Dr. Amoneeta Beckstein [Thailand]
This paper examines what two theorists from two different theoretical perspectives in psychology, Carl Jung (an analytical psychologist) and Irvin Yalom (an existential psychologist) have to say about the meaning of life. This paper explores their writings on the topic and how their thinking sometimes converges and sometimes diverges. It appears that there is enough agreement to give psychologists some guidelines to assist them in finding meaning in their own lives and the lives of their clients. It seems clear that the search for meaning in life is an important issue for people in general and for psychologists in particular. If psychologists are able to deal with some of these existential questions about their own lives, they will be better equipped to assist their clients, many of whom will undoubtedly be doing their own searching for meaning.
Therapy Sans Therapist: Overcoming Anxiety, Depression and PTSD
Dr. Margaret Trey [USA]
An increasing number of counselors/therapists are bringing Eastern meditative practices into the therapy room and introducing them to clients. Likewise, the presenter began to integrate Falun Gong (also known as Falun Dafa) into her therapeutic work back in 2001. Falun Gong, dubbed ‘Chinese yoga’, is an ancient Chinese spiritual cultivation system with elements from Buddhist and Taoist philosophies. Various studies have demonstrated that Falun Gong is beneficial for overall mind, body, and spiritual improvement—in reducing anxiety, stress, and a myriad of physical and psycho-emotional issues. A recent study by the presenter showed that the majority of respondents, who are health professionals, introduced Falun Gong to their clients. Using case examples, the presenter illustrates the mindful practice of Falun Gong as an antidote for overcoming anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The presentation endeavors to throw light how this ancient self-cultivation discipline can serve as an intervention or self-help strategy to spark off self-healing and self-recovery for those seeking the path less travelled. This D-I-Y cultivation aspect of Falun Gong, with its concept of looking within to examine oneself, is akin to being ‘in therapy without the therapist.’
Dr. Margaret Trey [USA]
An increasing number of counselors/therapists are bringing Eastern meditative practices into the therapy room and introducing them to clients. Likewise, the presenter began to integrate Falun Gong (also known as Falun Dafa) into her therapeutic work back in 2001. Falun Gong, dubbed ‘Chinese yoga’, is an ancient Chinese spiritual cultivation system with elements from Buddhist and Taoist philosophies. Various studies have demonstrated that Falun Gong is beneficial for overall mind, body, and spiritual improvement—in reducing anxiety, stress, and a myriad of physical and psycho-emotional issues. A recent study by the presenter showed that the majority of respondents, who are health professionals, introduced Falun Gong to their clients. Using case examples, the presenter illustrates the mindful practice of Falun Gong as an antidote for overcoming anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The presentation endeavors to throw light how this ancient self-cultivation discipline can serve as an intervention or self-help strategy to spark off self-healing and self-recovery for those seeking the path less travelled. This D-I-Y cultivation aspect of Falun Gong, with its concept of looking within to examine oneself, is akin to being ‘in therapy without the therapist.’
Honoring the Non-Evidenced in Evidenced-Based Psychotherapy
Mr. Layven Reguero [USA]
Evidence-based practices in Professional Psychology (EBPPs), as defined by the American Psychological Association (APA), refer to specific scientific and experimentally validated practices. EBPPs serve to enhance consistency and predictability of psychotherapy outcomes. The establishment of EBPPs is facilitated by highly operationalized and repeatable practices, such as manualized interventions for specific symptoms, in specific populations, in specific contexts. Correspondingly, evidence for aspects of the psychotherapeutic process that are not amenable to precise measurement is largely absent. Such non-evidenced practices include culturally sensitive and spiritually guided interventions, which highlight honoring humility and a not-knowing perspective. This poster presentation will illuminate the implications of the reductionism inherent to EBPPs.
Mr. Layven Reguero [USA]
Evidence-based practices in Professional Psychology (EBPPs), as defined by the American Psychological Association (APA), refer to specific scientific and experimentally validated practices. EBPPs serve to enhance consistency and predictability of psychotherapy outcomes. The establishment of EBPPs is facilitated by highly operationalized and repeatable practices, such as manualized interventions for specific symptoms, in specific populations, in specific contexts. Correspondingly, evidence for aspects of the psychotherapeutic process that are not amenable to precise measurement is largely absent. Such non-evidenced practices include culturally sensitive and spiritually guided interventions, which highlight honoring humility and a not-knowing perspective. This poster presentation will illuminate the implications of the reductionism inherent to EBPPs.
Flip the Script: Experience How Changing Our Relationship to Our Stories Can Improve Mental Health
Dr. Constance Scharff [USA]
The content of the story is irrelevant for the process of healing. What is important is to identify what the story is and then change the narrative. When we change the narrative, we can change mental health outcomes. For example, “I was raped,” can change from a victim-perspective to, “Being assaulted has made me strong.” “I am bad,” can be changed to, “I have done things I am not proud of, but I have also helped others by (fill in the blank).” Changing one’s personal narrative is a transformative and redemptive process that allows individuals to reclaim their lives.
This presentation will discuss how changing narratives improves brain function and functional outcomes among substance abusers seeking treatment. This is a no-cost endeavor that can be used in any nation or cultural context and could bring relief to millions who suffer from substance abuse, depression, anxiety and other forms of mental illness. The presentation will begin with a brief discussion outlining the science behind narrative therapy and an overview of neuroplasticity in mental health treatment. The presentation will also include a “narrative experience” in which volunteers will work through a narrative change process so that those in attendance can experience how this therapy works.
Key Words: Narrative, Neuroscience, Addiction Treatment, Storytelling
Dr. Constance Scharff [USA]
The content of the story is irrelevant for the process of healing. What is important is to identify what the story is and then change the narrative. When we change the narrative, we can change mental health outcomes. For example, “I was raped,” can change from a victim-perspective to, “Being assaulted has made me strong.” “I am bad,” can be changed to, “I have done things I am not proud of, but I have also helped others by (fill in the blank).” Changing one’s personal narrative is a transformative and redemptive process that allows individuals to reclaim their lives.
This presentation will discuss how changing narratives improves brain function and functional outcomes among substance abusers seeking treatment. This is a no-cost endeavor that can be used in any nation or cultural context and could bring relief to millions who suffer from substance abuse, depression, anxiety and other forms of mental illness. The presentation will begin with a brief discussion outlining the science behind narrative therapy and an overview of neuroplasticity in mental health treatment. The presentation will also include a “narrative experience” in which volunteers will work through a narrative change process so that those in attendance can experience how this therapy works.
Key Words: Narrative, Neuroscience, Addiction Treatment, Storytelling
Centerpath - A Comprehensive Metaphysical Description of Being
Mr. Greg Bahora [USA]
Following a profound spiritual transformation, I have sought to better understand the true nature of reality and to comprehend the meaning of being. To find answers, I turned to numerous philosophical and metaphysical doctrines including religion, spirituality, Eastern mysticism, fractal science, and systems theory. Unsatisfied, I looked to the lessons of nature for clues.
After many years of observation and testing, I was able to develop a comprehensive formulization to how man, nature, and the cosmos are organized. What I found is this—the universe uses a center-oriented creative force to spontaneously generate not only the order we see streaming throughout the universe, but also the fantastic qualities of symmetry, beauty, balance, holism, purity, and collaboration.
Because our lives are organized in these same patterns, I’ve also been able to show people how they can use nature’s wisdom to uplift and enhance their lives. In conclusion, Centerpath provides a comprehensive metaphysical description of how the universe works—describing how a wide range of phenomena are created, organized, and perpetuated. It also shows how our lives follow these same patterns and through this understanding, we can naturally enrich our lives as individuals and societies.
Mr. Greg Bahora [USA]
Following a profound spiritual transformation, I have sought to better understand the true nature of reality and to comprehend the meaning of being. To find answers, I turned to numerous philosophical and metaphysical doctrines including religion, spirituality, Eastern mysticism, fractal science, and systems theory. Unsatisfied, I looked to the lessons of nature for clues.
After many years of observation and testing, I was able to develop a comprehensive formulization to how man, nature, and the cosmos are organized. What I found is this—the universe uses a center-oriented creative force to spontaneously generate not only the order we see streaming throughout the universe, but also the fantastic qualities of symmetry, beauty, balance, holism, purity, and collaboration.
Because our lives are organized in these same patterns, I’ve also been able to show people how they can use nature’s wisdom to uplift and enhance their lives. In conclusion, Centerpath provides a comprehensive metaphysical description of how the universe works—describing how a wide range of phenomena are created, organized, and perpetuated. It also shows how our lives follow these same patterns and through this understanding, we can naturally enrich our lives as individuals and societies.
Universal Face Theory
Mr. Susheel Kamotra [ Malaysia]
The theory innovatively uses project management tools (PMBOK, PMI), and already established theories in science, philosophy, religion and faith, and knits historical data since 3200 B.C.E. to give clarity on The Mind and Matter Forms of GOD presented in an integrated I-chart to explain "Who We Are" and the purpose of our existence in the universe. It also throws another perspective (theory) on the famous art painting of the last supper as what message the great master Da Vinci wanted to convey. It also gives a logical explanation on the ancient secret of living in the present moment, which you can never forget in life. That awareness makes you Kalki Avatar. That is the mantra to live life with true happiness every moment, a definition of NOW. As an output to its application, Universal Face Theory creates a peaceful road map for the world economies to reduce growing debt and achieve their long-term goals. The implementation of Universal Face Theory will make people more ethical and contended, which will enhance productivity, growth, and happiness. Eventually it leads to increase country’s happiness index.
Key Words: Self-realization, Innovation, Sacred Geometry, The God Particle, Science, Religion, Spirituality, Consciousness, Philosophy, Art & Culture, Yoga, Educational Psychology, Happiness
Mr. Susheel Kamotra [ Malaysia]
The theory innovatively uses project management tools (PMBOK, PMI), and already established theories in science, philosophy, religion and faith, and knits historical data since 3200 B.C.E. to give clarity on The Mind and Matter Forms of GOD presented in an integrated I-chart to explain "Who We Are" and the purpose of our existence in the universe. It also throws another perspective (theory) on the famous art painting of the last supper as what message the great master Da Vinci wanted to convey. It also gives a logical explanation on the ancient secret of living in the present moment, which you can never forget in life. That awareness makes you Kalki Avatar. That is the mantra to live life with true happiness every moment, a definition of NOW. As an output to its application, Universal Face Theory creates a peaceful road map for the world economies to reduce growing debt and achieve their long-term goals. The implementation of Universal Face Theory will make people more ethical and contended, which will enhance productivity, growth, and happiness. Eventually it leads to increase country’s happiness index.
Key Words: Self-realization, Innovation, Sacred Geometry, The God Particle, Science, Religion, Spirituality, Consciousness, Philosophy, Art & Culture, Yoga, Educational Psychology, Happiness
Exploring Scientific Spirituality
Ms. Neha Tripathi [India]
"Spiritual Care is to be fully utilized as a resource in provision of clinical care, education of future healthcare leaders & advancement of the science and practice of medicine". It’s about integrating patient's spiritual beliefs into their care, addressing sensitive medical issues facing seriously ill patients and supporting health care professionals in their provision of compassionate care. It also includes various dimensions of Palliative medicine such as depression, desire for death, will to live & dignity at the end of life.
Spiritual care gives motivation to provide compassionate care that is sensitive to types of emotional and mental distress that accompany mental illness. During illness it becomes important to understand how the relationship works. Patients want their caregivers to talk with them on spiritual needs to address their spiritual issues but only very few actually having these conversations with their physicians.
Ms. Neha Tripathi [India]
"Spiritual Care is to be fully utilized as a resource in provision of clinical care, education of future healthcare leaders & advancement of the science and practice of medicine". It’s about integrating patient's spiritual beliefs into their care, addressing sensitive medical issues facing seriously ill patients and supporting health care professionals in their provision of compassionate care. It also includes various dimensions of Palliative medicine such as depression, desire for death, will to live & dignity at the end of life.
Spiritual care gives motivation to provide compassionate care that is sensitive to types of emotional and mental distress that accompany mental illness. During illness it becomes important to understand how the relationship works. Patients want their caregivers to talk with them on spiritual needs to address their spiritual issues but only very few actually having these conversations with their physicians.
Keynote speaker
Structural Transitions in the Health Care Systems in Times of Uncertainty – Exploring views by Experts through Mindfulness & Emotional Intelligence in Bangkok, Thailand
Ms. Bhavna Khemlani [Thailand]
The objectives of this research were whether the regular practice of Guided Mindful Meditation/training could improve patients’ emotional intelligence. To distinguish the effect of pressure from the internal and external environment of health system in Bangkok. To evaluate the differences of between practitioners, experts, and doctors on various practices and handling structural transitions in the Health Care systems in Times of Uncertainty. To bring awareness on valuable techniques and resources for practitioners, doctors, and patients to creating Balance & practicing Mindfulness in their daily life. To analyze the shared experience of Mindfulness performed by the four experts in this research.
In conclusion, all four experts fulfilled the questions and answered all questionnaires of Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS), Emotional Intelligence (DERS) questionnaire, & the Global Health PROMIS 10. Dr. Davin, Mrs. Rasee, Ms. Anette, and Dr. Anand were aware of their emotional intelligence in terms of thoughts, environment, mood, and there are situations that may bring some difficulties to deal with the internal state, however, they tend to find a suitable approach to deal with it. Dr. Anand did not usually focus on emotional intelligence and mindfulness approaches and this research guided him to reflect on several aspects that relate to him and his work in a deeper perspective.
Structural Transitions in the Health Care Systems in Times of Uncertainty – Exploring views by Experts through Mindfulness & Emotional Intelligence in Bangkok, Thailand
Ms. Bhavna Khemlani [Thailand]
The objectives of this research were whether the regular practice of Guided Mindful Meditation/training could improve patients’ emotional intelligence. To distinguish the effect of pressure from the internal and external environment of health system in Bangkok. To evaluate the differences of between practitioners, experts, and doctors on various practices and handling structural transitions in the Health Care systems in Times of Uncertainty. To bring awareness on valuable techniques and resources for practitioners, doctors, and patients to creating Balance & practicing Mindfulness in their daily life. To analyze the shared experience of Mindfulness performed by the four experts in this research.
In conclusion, all four experts fulfilled the questions and answered all questionnaires of Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS), Emotional Intelligence (DERS) questionnaire, & the Global Health PROMIS 10. Dr. Davin, Mrs. Rasee, Ms. Anette, and Dr. Anand were aware of their emotional intelligence in terms of thoughts, environment, mood, and there are situations that may bring some difficulties to deal with the internal state, however, they tend to find a suitable approach to deal with it. Dr. Anand did not usually focus on emotional intelligence and mindfulness approaches and this research guided him to reflect on several aspects that relate to him and his work in a deeper perspective.
Past-life Regression Therapy for here and now healing
Dr. Pilar Ocampo [Mexico]
Author shares her journey through via psychology and how she comes to encounter spirituality to enrich her work as a psychologist and psychotherapist.
She explains the impact of psycho-spiritual stress, the symptoms that manifest, the long term consequences of these, the difficulty in treating this type of stress with traditional psychotherapy and the need to explore other pathways to access ways to treat these patients.
She presents detailed schemes of psycho-spiritual work and it delves deep into past life regression therapy from an integral clinical viewpoint, as a resource for the healing of physical, emotional, and relational symptoms that affect the present functioning of the patient, which they have not been able to resolve with traditional psychotherapy.
She concludes with the importance of following up on discoveries obtained with this technique, with a psychotherapeutic focus, as well as with professional preparation and ethics by those that utilize this resource, so that it becomes truly beneficial to the patients.
Dr. Pilar Ocampo [Mexico]
Author shares her journey through via psychology and how she comes to encounter spirituality to enrich her work as a psychologist and psychotherapist.
She explains the impact of psycho-spiritual stress, the symptoms that manifest, the long term consequences of these, the difficulty in treating this type of stress with traditional psychotherapy and the need to explore other pathways to access ways to treat these patients.
She presents detailed schemes of psycho-spiritual work and it delves deep into past life regression therapy from an integral clinical viewpoint, as a resource for the healing of physical, emotional, and relational symptoms that affect the present functioning of the patient, which they have not been able to resolve with traditional psychotherapy.
She concludes with the importance of following up on discoveries obtained with this technique, with a psychotherapeutic focus, as well as with professional preparation and ethics by those that utilize this resource, so that it becomes truly beneficial to the patients.
Interpreting Ritual Trance Musicking: Indigenous Perspectives on Healing Trauma, Altered States of Consciousness, and Trance
Mr. Sandeep Prakash [USA]
Mr. Sandeep Prakash [USA]
Anybody Hear Us? Attempting to Meet the Psychological Care Needs of Elderly Residents: an Ethnographic Approach
Dr. Seyed Ziya Tabatabaei Moghadam [Iran]
Older people who live in residential settings need some psychological support because of vicissitudes of life they faced with. The aim of this study is to explore psychological care needs of older people in a residential home. We used an ethnographic approach from May 2011 till January 2012. Through purposeful sampling, 14 knowledgeable participants were selected. Data were gathered from participant observations, in-depth interviews, review of related documents and field notes. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes including: (a) Feelings of sadness (b) Emotional desires and (c) Choice and control. Findings of current study provided rich and useful information that is useful in charting new guideline for policy makers and care providers in order to support elderly residents' psychological care needs.
Keywords: Aged, Psychological Care Needs, Qualitative Research, Residential Facilities
Dr. Seyed Ziya Tabatabaei Moghadam [Iran]
Older people who live in residential settings need some psychological support because of vicissitudes of life they faced with. The aim of this study is to explore psychological care needs of older people in a residential home. We used an ethnographic approach from May 2011 till January 2012. Through purposeful sampling, 14 knowledgeable participants were selected. Data were gathered from participant observations, in-depth interviews, review of related documents and field notes. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes including: (a) Feelings of sadness (b) Emotional desires and (c) Choice and control. Findings of current study provided rich and useful information that is useful in charting new guideline for policy makers and care providers in order to support elderly residents' psychological care needs.
Keywords: Aged, Psychological Care Needs, Qualitative Research, Residential Facilities
Decreasing Islamophobia: Relative plasticity of cognitive, affective, and relational components
Prof. Paul Priester [USA]
This paper will represent 10 years of research on decreasing Islamophobia in American Christians through the use of a psychoeducational film. A video was developed that used a multidimensional approach to educate Christians about Islam. Components of this video included: demonstrating shared beliefs of Christians and Muslims; presenting a counter-example of a Christian terrorist to create cognitive dissonance regarding the stereotyping of Muslims; the religious concept of jihad was explained; and a Christian, American psychologist shared his subjective positive experience of Muslims. Participants were recruited in Midwestern Christian Liberal Arts undergraduate colleges. Throughout this study numerous dependent variables were used to operationally define Islamophobia and to measure the impact of the video on participants. These include: the Bogardus Social Distance Scale; single items measuring cognitive components of Islamophobia (e.g. Islam endorses the use of terrorism); a modified version of the Xenopsophia scale developed by Streib and Hood; and the Islamophobia scale.
In a typical study, participants are randomly assigned to watch either the psychoeducational film or an attention control condition (i.e. a video with instructions, but no educational content). Comparisons are them made between the experimental and control conditions. At this point 2,368 participants have participated in the study.
When examining results, a consistent pattern emerges whereby cognitive components of Islamophobia show a statistically significant decrease; but emotional and relational components of Islamophobia remain unchanged. This seems to suggest that Islamophobia is a multidimensional construct and that cognitive components seem to display a higher level of attitudinal plasticity and amenability.
Prof. Paul Priester [USA]
This paper will represent 10 years of research on decreasing Islamophobia in American Christians through the use of a psychoeducational film. A video was developed that used a multidimensional approach to educate Christians about Islam. Components of this video included: demonstrating shared beliefs of Christians and Muslims; presenting a counter-example of a Christian terrorist to create cognitive dissonance regarding the stereotyping of Muslims; the religious concept of jihad was explained; and a Christian, American psychologist shared his subjective positive experience of Muslims. Participants were recruited in Midwestern Christian Liberal Arts undergraduate colleges. Throughout this study numerous dependent variables were used to operationally define Islamophobia and to measure the impact of the video on participants. These include: the Bogardus Social Distance Scale; single items measuring cognitive components of Islamophobia (e.g. Islam endorses the use of terrorism); a modified version of the Xenopsophia scale developed by Streib and Hood; and the Islamophobia scale.
In a typical study, participants are randomly assigned to watch either the psychoeducational film or an attention control condition (i.e. a video with instructions, but no educational content). Comparisons are them made between the experimental and control conditions. At this point 2,368 participants have participated in the study.
When examining results, a consistent pattern emerges whereby cognitive components of Islamophobia show a statistically significant decrease; but emotional and relational components of Islamophobia remain unchanged. This seems to suggest that Islamophobia is a multidimensional construct and that cognitive components seem to display a higher level of attitudinal plasticity and amenability.
Giving Voice to Faith-Based Stories of Caribbean Canadian Immigrants: Multicultural Counseling Implications
(VIDEO PRESENTATION)
Dr. Sandra Dixon [Canada]
The process of migration for many Caribbean Canadian immigrants is potentially damaging to the reconstruction of their fragmented cultural identities. For many individuals from this non-dominant group, faith plays a key role in how they make-meaning of their post-migration experiences. This video presentation will examine the association between post-migration stressors and mental health among Jamaican Canadian immigrant women (JCIW). Attention will be given to how JCIW’s Christian Pentecostal faith-based practices help them to cope in their new socio-cultural location. This study utilized Moustakas’s (1997) heuristic inquiry qualitative methodology, which is a unique research process that allows for the researcher’s passion in a search for the discovery of meaning and essence in significant human experiences. This methodology requires a subjective process of reflecting, exploring, sifting, and elucidating the nature of the phenomenon under investigation. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with six JCIW who identified themselves as adherents of the Pentecostal faith tradition The key research question was answered: What is the experience of JCIW who use Pentecostal faith to reconstruct their cultural identities? Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data. In this study, four key categories were identified: lived experiences of the Pentecostal faith, gender role expectations, defining cultural identity, as well as seeking counselling and taking action. These categories provide rich descriptions, understandings, and experiences of JCIW that relate to how they are able to create and maintain resiliency through the application of their faith-based practices. This investigation offers multicultural counsellors insights into culturally relevant mental health services for immigrants.
Keywords: Caribbean Canadian immigrants, migration, Christian Pentecostal faith, heuristic inquiry, cultural identities, mental health
(VIDEO PRESENTATION)
Dr. Sandra Dixon [Canada]
The process of migration for many Caribbean Canadian immigrants is potentially damaging to the reconstruction of their fragmented cultural identities. For many individuals from this non-dominant group, faith plays a key role in how they make-meaning of their post-migration experiences. This video presentation will examine the association between post-migration stressors and mental health among Jamaican Canadian immigrant women (JCIW). Attention will be given to how JCIW’s Christian Pentecostal faith-based practices help them to cope in their new socio-cultural location. This study utilized Moustakas’s (1997) heuristic inquiry qualitative methodology, which is a unique research process that allows for the researcher’s passion in a search for the discovery of meaning and essence in significant human experiences. This methodology requires a subjective process of reflecting, exploring, sifting, and elucidating the nature of the phenomenon under investigation. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with six JCIW who identified themselves as adherents of the Pentecostal faith tradition The key research question was answered: What is the experience of JCIW who use Pentecostal faith to reconstruct their cultural identities? Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data. In this study, four key categories were identified: lived experiences of the Pentecostal faith, gender role expectations, defining cultural identity, as well as seeking counselling and taking action. These categories provide rich descriptions, understandings, and experiences of JCIW that relate to how they are able to create and maintain resiliency through the application of their faith-based practices. This investigation offers multicultural counsellors insights into culturally relevant mental health services for immigrants.
Keywords: Caribbean Canadian immigrants, migration, Christian Pentecostal faith, heuristic inquiry, cultural identities, mental health
Spiritual In Intervention for Palliative Care: A Model Based on Vedic Insights
Prof. Madhurima Pradhan [India]
Spirituality can be one of the chief components of palliative care not only for terminally ill patients but also on the very onset of the chronic diseases. In times of emotional distress, it is not uncommon for people to lose touch with the resources that normally sustain them in their lives. Helping people identify and draw on their own resources is one of the most important services, mental health professional can offer.
Spirituality, the critical resource can be accessed with the practice of appropriate techniques, although it is important to tailor the practices to both the particular case and particular problem. It is a part of challenge for mental health professionals to help clients identify and draw on those resources that are best suited to their distinctive needs and preferences. Spirituality is an interplay of beliefs that a person holds about Divine, self, others, life and practices of these beliefs in life. One’s spirituality is put to test when a person interacts in material world with self, people and situations. The practice of divine attributes, as mentioned in Vedas, may be difficult for a person while enacting different roles in the stage of life. In the contemporary world full of vices of greed, competition, anger and lust, the practice of spirituality becomes a challenge. Being mindful about the laws of Karma might help people to follow the spiritual path in life. Spiritual thoughts as mentioned in “Vedas” should be considered as basic tenets of Eastern Spirituality and are highly tolerant of other religions.
Prof. Madhurima Pradhan [India]
Spirituality can be one of the chief components of palliative care not only for terminally ill patients but also on the very onset of the chronic diseases. In times of emotional distress, it is not uncommon for people to lose touch with the resources that normally sustain them in their lives. Helping people identify and draw on their own resources is one of the most important services, mental health professional can offer.
Spirituality, the critical resource can be accessed with the practice of appropriate techniques, although it is important to tailor the practices to both the particular case and particular problem. It is a part of challenge for mental health professionals to help clients identify and draw on those resources that are best suited to their distinctive needs and preferences. Spirituality is an interplay of beliefs that a person holds about Divine, self, others, life and practices of these beliefs in life. One’s spirituality is put to test when a person interacts in material world with self, people and situations. The practice of divine attributes, as mentioned in Vedas, may be difficult for a person while enacting different roles in the stage of life. In the contemporary world full of vices of greed, competition, anger and lust, the practice of spirituality becomes a challenge. Being mindful about the laws of Karma might help people to follow the spiritual path in life. Spiritual thoughts as mentioned in “Vedas” should be considered as basic tenets of Eastern Spirituality and are highly tolerant of other religions.
Gratitude induction and death anxiety in Japanese college students
Dr. Akio Honda [Japan]
Lau and Cheng (2013) reported that a gratitude induction procedure can reduce younger Chinese adults’ death anxiety but not their positive and negative affect. Based on this finding, they argued that gratitude induction procedures might be applicable to clinical and health-care settings for the relief of death anxiety. We investigated gratitude induction effects on mood state, subjective well-being, and death anxiety in Japanese college students. Effects of trait gratitude were also examined. Participants were assigned randomly into a gratitude condition group or a hassled condition group. Inductions were conducted four times during one month. Participants were instructed to spend 15 min to reflect on past events and to write up to five events of the inductions for each time. Results revealed that gratitude induction effects were observed slightly on the transcendence of the subjective well-being scale. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that people scoring higher in trait gratitude reported better levels of mood state and subjective well-being than those who showed lower trait gratitude. Nevertheless, effects of gratitude induction and the effects of trait gratitude were not observed for death anxiety. Lau and Cheng (2013) reported that the gratitude induction effect might be specific to death anxiety, having no general effect on emotional well-being. Because our findings did not correspond to those of Lau and Cheng (2013), further study must be conducted to clarify whether gratitude induction can reduce death anxiety and promote emotional well-being.
Keywords: gratitude induction, death anxiety, emotional well-being, trait gratitude, Japanese college students
Dr. Akio Honda [Japan]
Lau and Cheng (2013) reported that a gratitude induction procedure can reduce younger Chinese adults’ death anxiety but not their positive and negative affect. Based on this finding, they argued that gratitude induction procedures might be applicable to clinical and health-care settings for the relief of death anxiety. We investigated gratitude induction effects on mood state, subjective well-being, and death anxiety in Japanese college students. Effects of trait gratitude were also examined. Participants were assigned randomly into a gratitude condition group or a hassled condition group. Inductions were conducted four times during one month. Participants were instructed to spend 15 min to reflect on past events and to write up to five events of the inductions for each time. Results revealed that gratitude induction effects were observed slightly on the transcendence of the subjective well-being scale. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that people scoring higher in trait gratitude reported better levels of mood state and subjective well-being than those who showed lower trait gratitude. Nevertheless, effects of gratitude induction and the effects of trait gratitude were not observed for death anxiety. Lau and Cheng (2013) reported that the gratitude induction effect might be specific to death anxiety, having no general effect on emotional well-being. Because our findings did not correspond to those of Lau and Cheng (2013), further study must be conducted to clarify whether gratitude induction can reduce death anxiety and promote emotional well-being.
Keywords: gratitude induction, death anxiety, emotional well-being, trait gratitude, Japanese college students
Social Support, Physical Health Status and Personality of Senior Citizens in Iligan City: Basis for Intervention Program
Prof. Jucelyn Arizo & Dr. Julius Felicidario [Philippines]
This study aimed to determine the social support, physical health status, and personality among the three hundred eighty four (384) senior citizens in Iligan City. It specifically set sight in determining the difference between the social support, physical health status and personality of the respondents. Descriptive-correlation research design was employed utilizing a standardized questionnaire on social support comprising various scales on appraisal, tangible, self-esteem and belonging. Physical health status was also determined using the common old age identified illnesses coming from habit-forming drugs or substance, treatment for addiction, and medical consultation or treatment during past two years. Personality on the other hand is examined in terms of their high tendency to possess intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, general mode, and positive impression traits. Results were then analyzed using, frequency and percentage distribution, Mean and Standard Deviation, T-test and one way ANOVA or F-test. Findings revealed that there is a significant difference between the respondents’ social support, physical health status, and personality level when grouped according to their profile. Accordingly, findings also exhibited result that implicates significant relationship between respondents’ social support when analyzed according to their personality, social support with their physical health status, as well as their personality in relation to their physical health status. Thus, familial and societal traditional support deemed importance to live a quality of life.
Keywords: senior citizen, social support, personality, physical health status
Prof. Jucelyn Arizo & Dr. Julius Felicidario [Philippines]
This study aimed to determine the social support, physical health status, and personality among the three hundred eighty four (384) senior citizens in Iligan City. It specifically set sight in determining the difference between the social support, physical health status and personality of the respondents. Descriptive-correlation research design was employed utilizing a standardized questionnaire on social support comprising various scales on appraisal, tangible, self-esteem and belonging. Physical health status was also determined using the common old age identified illnesses coming from habit-forming drugs or substance, treatment for addiction, and medical consultation or treatment during past two years. Personality on the other hand is examined in terms of their high tendency to possess intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, general mode, and positive impression traits. Results were then analyzed using, frequency and percentage distribution, Mean and Standard Deviation, T-test and one way ANOVA or F-test. Findings revealed that there is a significant difference between the respondents’ social support, physical health status, and personality level when grouped according to their profile. Accordingly, findings also exhibited result that implicates significant relationship between respondents’ social support when analyzed according to their personality, social support with their physical health status, as well as their personality in relation to their physical health status. Thus, familial and societal traditional support deemed importance to live a quality of life.
Keywords: senior citizen, social support, personality, physical health status
Thinking beyond the Horizon in Health Care Delivery
Dr. Venkataramanan K [India]
Science and Technology advancement may have provided opportunities for improved diagnostic and treatment but, the escalating nature of diseases and growing dissatisfaction is a great cause of concern in healthcare delivery. Also, the dramatic recovery of patients from hopeless condition, from the medical view point, has always been an unresolved mystery. This indicates a missing link.
Contribution of spirituality to health has been accepted but not yet defined with clarity. Leigh Tremaine posted that “Spiritual health can be defined as our integration with the greater whole of life and is measured by the degree that we honor our interconnectedness with all things”. Leigh adds “Developing good spiritual health releases inner suffering and adds deeper meaning and value to our lives. It also increases our compassion towards others, builds strong community and improves our ability to live sustainably.
India’s real wealth and also that of South East Asia’s uniqueness is not just in the technical knowledge that they possess but in their God consciousness and the cultural heritage they have acquired and inherited from the Vedas and Spiritual Support Systems. By being God Conscious, one can transcend all sufferings in the human society. Modern man is moving in a godless direction and with each passing day, people are experiencing the ill effects of such misdirected civilization.
Dr. Venkataramanan K [India]
Science and Technology advancement may have provided opportunities for improved diagnostic and treatment but, the escalating nature of diseases and growing dissatisfaction is a great cause of concern in healthcare delivery. Also, the dramatic recovery of patients from hopeless condition, from the medical view point, has always been an unresolved mystery. This indicates a missing link.
Contribution of spirituality to health has been accepted but not yet defined with clarity. Leigh Tremaine posted that “Spiritual health can be defined as our integration with the greater whole of life and is measured by the degree that we honor our interconnectedness with all things”. Leigh adds “Developing good spiritual health releases inner suffering and adds deeper meaning and value to our lives. It also increases our compassion towards others, builds strong community and improves our ability to live sustainably.
India’s real wealth and also that of South East Asia’s uniqueness is not just in the technical knowledge that they possess but in their God consciousness and the cultural heritage they have acquired and inherited from the Vedas and Spiritual Support Systems. By being God Conscious, one can transcend all sufferings in the human society. Modern man is moving in a godless direction and with each passing day, people are experiencing the ill effects of such misdirected civilization.
The Phenomenological Experience within Meditation as described by Mindfulness Meditators
Mr. Dominic Hosemans [Australia]
Although there are few qualitative studies examining the in-depth account concerning the benefits associated with meditation, there is very little research in terms of the experience itself within the actual meditative experience. According to Buddhist philosophy, awareness of present moment experience fosters an equanimous mind. The current chapter examines the phenomenological experience of equanimity within meditation. In order to achieve this aim, interviews and focus groups were conducted with long-term meditators, particularly from the Vipassanā tradition.
Verbatim transcripts of the interviews and focus groups were then analysed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in order to understand the nature the phenomenological experience of equanimity within Mindfulness meditation. In terms of the experience of equanimity, the analysis identified two superordinate themes, including a sense of ‘being-ness’ within equanimity as well as the change in one’s self-perception as a result of the meditative experience. The former entailed aspects such as a sense of grounding, timelessness, rejuvenation, heightened senses and the ineffable nature of the experience; whereas the latter encompassed a sense of one’s self-concept as dissolving and a feeling of unification and absorption with the world.
It was further identified that a number of the aspects are right hemispheric predominate. In line with previous theories on the lateral predominance of meditation, it is discussed that meditation may prime right-hemispheric faculties. The relationship between equanimity and therapeutic benefits of meditation are explored, with the implications on the necessity of equanimity within therapeutic practice discussed.
Mr. Dominic Hosemans [Australia]
Although there are few qualitative studies examining the in-depth account concerning the benefits associated with meditation, there is very little research in terms of the experience itself within the actual meditative experience. According to Buddhist philosophy, awareness of present moment experience fosters an equanimous mind. The current chapter examines the phenomenological experience of equanimity within meditation. In order to achieve this aim, interviews and focus groups were conducted with long-term meditators, particularly from the Vipassanā tradition.
Verbatim transcripts of the interviews and focus groups were then analysed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in order to understand the nature the phenomenological experience of equanimity within Mindfulness meditation. In terms of the experience of equanimity, the analysis identified two superordinate themes, including a sense of ‘being-ness’ within equanimity as well as the change in one’s self-perception as a result of the meditative experience. The former entailed aspects such as a sense of grounding, timelessness, rejuvenation, heightened senses and the ineffable nature of the experience; whereas the latter encompassed a sense of one’s self-concept as dissolving and a feeling of unification and absorption with the world.
It was further identified that a number of the aspects are right hemispheric predominate. In line with previous theories on the lateral predominance of meditation, it is discussed that meditation may prime right-hemispheric faculties. The relationship between equanimity and therapeutic benefits of meditation are explored, with the implications on the necessity of equanimity within therapeutic practice discussed.
Intuitive Footprints
Ms. Nora Truscello [USA]
Intuitive Footprints™ are energetic signatures, which are felt on our body, informing us of the emotions present. One can read the expression on a person’s face, hear the tone of their voice, notice body language and make a good judgement on a person’s emotional state. But what if there is a natural internal way the observer can tell a person’s state, even if they could not see or hear the other person? Imagine the difference it would make for a patient if their psychologist could identify the patient’s underlying emotions, which they are unable to express. The benefits of identifying intuitive footprints are just being discovered. Intuitive footprints do not act as lie detectors, but they can easily identify someone who is angry and putting on a fake front.
There are a few intuitive footprints that are felt by all people in the same way, called universal intuitive footprints. One example of a universal intuitive footprint is the “gut feeling.” Most every adult can identify with their gut feeling. We all learn the hard way when we don’t listen to our gut feeling in the pit of our stomach, as we move forward ignoring the warning. Realizing there are a few universal intuitive footprints, I believe, there are many more that simply have not been identified.
Ms. Nora Truscello [USA]
Intuitive Footprints™ are energetic signatures, which are felt on our body, informing us of the emotions present. One can read the expression on a person’s face, hear the tone of their voice, notice body language and make a good judgement on a person’s emotional state. But what if there is a natural internal way the observer can tell a person’s state, even if they could not see or hear the other person? Imagine the difference it would make for a patient if their psychologist could identify the patient’s underlying emotions, which they are unable to express. The benefits of identifying intuitive footprints are just being discovered. Intuitive footprints do not act as lie detectors, but they can easily identify someone who is angry and putting on a fake front.
There are a few intuitive footprints that are felt by all people in the same way, called universal intuitive footprints. One example of a universal intuitive footprint is the “gut feeling.” Most every adult can identify with their gut feeling. We all learn the hard way when we don’t listen to our gut feeling in the pit of our stomach, as we move forward ignoring the warning. Realizing there are a few universal intuitive footprints, I believe, there are many more that simply have not been identified.
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